Mention the slave trade
and most people are likely to envisage images of the infamous “middle
passage” - sailing ships laden with black people heading out from
the west coast of Africa across the Atlantic and destined for the
Caribbean, North and South America.
But a fascinating
website created by the New York Schomburg Center for
Research in Black Culture on the African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean tells another less
well-known story on what happened to slaves sent from East Africa - from places like Zanzibar or Mozambique - to India and countries as far
away as Palestine, Iraq and Iran.
This image
from the website shows routes of that slave trade and the rough
estimate of number of slaves shipped to the various countries between
1500-1900 - nearly 1.5 million to Egypt alone.
The real figure is probably far more as it may
be astonishing to many people to read that “Slavery continued in
Muslim lands in the Indian Ocean world well into the 20th century:
Saudi Arabia did not abolish slavery until 1962, and Oman did not
officially do so until 1970.”
And the sad truth is that it still continues today in some form in
war-torn or un-policed remote areas that are well away from the
prying eyes of investigative journalists.
But
with the main purpose of this blog to focus on women, a photograph
of a Mrs. Crewe with some of the slave girls at the Cairo Home
for Freed Women Slaves, caught my interest. When was the Home
established, who was Mrs. Crewe, and how did she come to have the
position of matron? But there is little to be found online, apart from
reports in British newspapers of the era.
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| (Copyright Getty Images) |
The
Home was founded in 1884 under the auspices of the British and
Foreign Anti-Slavery Society with a committee that included many
great philanthropists of the day including Mrs. Sheldon Amos (nee
Sarah Maclardie Bunting) – a remarkable and far-sighted woman who
warrants a future blog entry of her own. Queen Victoria donated
£100 - or about £5,000 today . The committee then appointed a “Mrs.
Crewe – an Englishwoman born and bred in Egypt and speaking Arabic
with perfect fluency” as the matron, and a suitable house was found in a
“healthy quarter of Cairo” where:
“Mr. and Mrs. Crewe, with their family of young children, were installed in January 1885, and on the 16th of that month the first girls were received, these being two Circassian slaves who had escaped from the palace of a well-known pasha.”Various subsequent reports detail some of the dreadful conditions, cruelty and brutality from which the girls had escaped, also this:
“Mrs. Crewe has had to exercise great caution before complying with the requests of Mahomedan gentlemen for servants, as it might mean simply giving the girls back to slavery; most of them have, therefore, been sent to the houses of Christian Syrians or Copts. The girls give satisfactory proof of their appreciation of the slave Home. They often leave little articles of property – even their freedom papers – with Mrs. Crewe. They come back from time to time to see her, to ask her advice, to show her new clothes, to get her help in changing situations, etc., so that although they may not reside long in the home itself they continue to recognize it as, in fact, a home to which they can return in time of need.”Charles H. Allen, the Secretary of the British & Foreign Anti-Slavery Society kept up a regular correspondence to the Editor of The London Times about the Home, pleading for extra funds while updating the readership on its operation. By April, 1900, he was able to announce “the complete success of this important philathropic undertaking”. Up to 1,000 women were rescued from slavery during the twenty years of the Home’s existence. Many of the women had married and had families.
After the closure of the Home, Mrs. Crewe slips out of history, but probably remained in Egypt and was the sort of woman who would have always involved herself in good works.
With the increasing interest in the subject of the slave experience, there is much scope here for the lives of these rescued women to be investigated in depth and written about. Follow this link for an academic paper by Eve Troutt Powell on Slavery and Empire in Egypt which details an infamous trial involving six slave women and the powerful pashas and which created a scandal of international proportions.
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| Etching from a photograph, The Graphic, May 10, 1890 |
