Here is a selection of some newspaper items, mostly obituaries, about women with links to the Indian Mutiny. Whatever else I have been able to find out about them from available genealogical or other online sources are also included.
Each woman had her own unique tale to tell, such as being wounded at Lucknow or loading guns - and one remembered seeing her father write a letter in his own blood! (Intriguing, even more so if such a letter still exists.) A more prosaic story involves providing breakfast for Lord Roberts and the dashing and legendary John Nicholson.
There is always the likelihood that some of their names (or ages) were incorrectly recorded, that some of their reminiscences are exaggerated, or not even true, but they are all still interesting examples of the experiences of those from various social classes who negotiated the many dangers of life in 19th Century India and managed to reach old age.
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Woman wounded in Indian Mutiny
Death at Age of 95
A survivor of the Indian Mutiny, Mrs. Margaret Quaid, of
Sandford Road, Aldershot, died last night at the age of 95.
Mrs. Quaid, who
during the siege of Lucknow, was wounded in the shoulder, had spent 50 years in
India.
Her husband served in the barrack department and when he
died at Peshawar in 1872 he left her with four young daughters.
She spent many years nursing in India, and on her return to
England 39 years ago the British Government granted her a free passage.
Dundee Evening Telegraph, 22 February 1933
A very detailed interview with Mrs. Quaid describing her family connections appeared in 1910 in the Australian newspaper, The Daily News, Perth and can be read on this TROVE link.
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| Eastward Ho, Henry Nelson O'Neil, a famous image of troops departing England in 1857 for India |
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Saw Father Write Letter in Blood
Woman Survivor of Indian Mutiny Dead
Mrs. Emma Osborne of Kimberley Road, Gillingham Kent, whose
funeral took place to-day, had no more thrilling experience in all her 93 years
than she had in India as a girl.
She was an Indian Mutiny survivor.
Daughter of Captain Wilkinson, who died during the Mutiny,
she was one of a party of refugees who were driven underground to await relief
by the Gordon Highlanders.
She once saw her father write a letter home in blood taken
from his arm.
When she was 17 she was brought to Britain by missionaries
and given into the care of her grandfather.
Dundee Evening Telegraph 27 May 1936.
Emma Wilkinson married George Edward Osborn [without an "e"] in Kent in 1877. They had three children who lived until the 1950s-70s and one baby who died in 1881.
From various Census Returns, it is apparent they never moved from Gillingham and George worked as a Coal Wheeler or Stoker in the Gas Works. George died in 1935, a year before Emma.
Emma Wilkinson married George Edward Osborn [without an "e"] in Kent in 1877. They had three children who lived until the 1950s-70s and one baby who died in 1881.
From various Census Returns, it is apparent they never moved from Gillingham and George worked as a Coal Wheeler or Stoker in the Gas Works. George died in 1935, a year before Emma.
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Obituary
Mrs. Skelton, widow of Canon Skelton, of Lincoln, who died at
Horsell, near Woking Surrey yesterday, aged 88, was one of the few women
survivors of the Indian Mutiny of 1857.
Portsmouth Evening News 20 January 1922
This was Matilda Skelton born Matilda Linning Birrell in Calcutta in 1834. Her father, David Birrell, later became a General in the Bengal Army.
In 1859, she married Thomas Skelton, also born about 1834, in Bengal.
He had been a fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, and has the following entry:
This was Matilda Skelton born Matilda Linning Birrell in Calcutta in 1834. Her father, David Birrell, later became a General in the Bengal Army.
In 1859, she married Thomas Skelton, also born about 1834, in Bengal.
He had been a fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, and has the following entry:
1858-1859 Thomas Skelton, M.A., B.D. S.P.G. Missionary at Delhi. Professor and Principal of Bishop's College, Calcutta. Lecturer at St Augustine's College, Canterbury, Principal of the Missionary College at Burgh, Lincs. Rector of Hickling, Notts., Prebendary of Lincoln and of Southwell. d.1915.In 1911, they both lived at "The Grove", Lincoln. They'd had five children, one of whom had since died.
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Lady Veteran of Indian Mutiny Dead
A lady veteran of the Indian Mutiny (Mrs. Glen) who has just
died at Hastings, was eighty-two years of age.
Her first husband was Captain
Goldsworthy, who at the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny was brigade-major of
Lucknow and commissary-general to Lord Clyde.
The lady just managed to escape
being shut up in Lucknow, but upon its final capture by Lord Clyde she was able
to rejoin her husband and her brother, General Anderson Connor, who went through
the siege. With Lord Clyde’s Army, she proceeded to march to Simla.
Eastbourne Gazette 29 September 1909.
Margaret Lillias [Lilian/Lilliss] Anderson was born in 1827 at Prince of Wales Island, Bengal (later to be known as the Straits Settlement and now just Penang).
It appears she had at least two children by her first marriage to Fitz Thomas Goldsworthy - a daughter Lilly born in 1855 and son Thomas Clyde Goldsworthy in 1859, who also served in the Indian Army.
I can find no mention of anyone called Fitz Thomas Goldsworthy serving in the important positions mentioned at Lucknow although there is one Thomas Goldsworthy, a humble private, in the Indian Mutiny medal list. The real Goldsworthy at Lucknow was Sir Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy who went on to have an illustrious colonial administration career and was married to someone else.
Nor does a "General Anderson Connor" appear anywhere either. Possibly this may be a mistake in reportage and should refer to Margaret's brother Thomas Carnegy Anderson who, according to his Probate documents of 1876, had been Barrack Master at Fort Calcutta.
There are a number of records associated with Margaret's second marriage to John Gray MacCowan Glen, of the Indian civil service, including 1881-1901 Census Returns showing they lived in Park Road, St Leonard's on Sea. They appear to have had just one son, who died in Cairo aged around 27.
This is evidence of either an old lady who got her facts mixed up, or someone else in the family not knowing who-was-who or even showing off to the reporter family connections that weren't correct.
Margaret Lillias [Lilian/Lilliss] Anderson was born in 1827 at Prince of Wales Island, Bengal (later to be known as the Straits Settlement and now just Penang).
It appears she had at least two children by her first marriage to Fitz Thomas Goldsworthy - a daughter Lilly born in 1855 and son Thomas Clyde Goldsworthy in 1859, who also served in the Indian Army.
I can find no mention of anyone called Fitz Thomas Goldsworthy serving in the important positions mentioned at Lucknow although there is one Thomas Goldsworthy, a humble private, in the Indian Mutiny medal list. The real Goldsworthy at Lucknow was Sir Roger Tuckfield Goldsworthy who went on to have an illustrious colonial administration career and was married to someone else.
Nor does a "General Anderson Connor" appear anywhere either. Possibly this may be a mistake in reportage and should refer to Margaret's brother Thomas Carnegy Anderson who, according to his Probate documents of 1876, had been Barrack Master at Fort Calcutta.
There are a number of records associated with Margaret's second marriage to John Gray MacCowan Glen, of the Indian civil service, including 1881-1901 Census Returns showing they lived in Park Road, St Leonard's on Sea. They appear to have had just one son, who died in Cairo aged around 27.
This is evidence of either an old lady who got her facts mixed up, or someone else in the family not knowing who-was-who or even showing off to the reporter family connections that weren't correct.
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| Home Again, Henry Nelson O'Neil, the 1858 companion painting showing the troops returning from India |
Obituary
Mrs. Jane Gordon Cotton, who died at Leyland, Lancashire,
yesterday, was the widow of the late General Reginald Stapleton Cotton, at one
time commanding the 47th Regimental District, Preston.
The deceased lady participated in the Indian Mutiny, being locked up in the Presidency at Peshawar. Her father in law, General Sir Sydney Cotton, commanded the North Western Frontier.
She was in constant association with Lord Roberts and General Nicholson, and provided breakfast for the latter on his departure of Delhi, where he was killed.
The deceased lady participated in the Indian Mutiny, being locked up in the Presidency at Peshawar. Her father in law, General Sir Sydney Cotton, commanded the North Western Frontier.
She was in constant association with Lord Roberts and General Nicholson, and provided breakfast for the latter on his departure of Delhi, where he was killed.
Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer 9 January 1923.
A few errors in this report. Jane Gordon Inglis (born Scotland about 1831) was not married to General Reginald but to Lynch Stapleton Cotton (b. abt 1828 at Connaught Square, London, son of Sydney Cotton). Another similar obituary article correctly names her as Mrs. Lynch Stapleton Cotton, daughter of James Inglis of Fairley, Aberdeenshire, but gives her age as 98 when she was probably about 5 years younger.
Jane married Lynch S. Cotton of the 22nd Regiment of Foot in India, in 1855.
Her father-in-law, Sydney Cotton, had an extensive record in service throughout the Empire, and is particularly remembered in Australia during the convict era, as per this entry in the Australian Dictionary of Biography.
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Obituary
The death took place at Pitlochry, Perthshire, on Wednesday
night, of the Dowager Lady Outram, of Indian Mutiny fame.
Lady Outram was in
her 99th year, and survived her husband by 48 years. She had lived under six
sovereigns.
Hartlepool Northern Daily Mail 14 July 1911.
A reasonable summary of her connection to the Mutiny in this article from the New Zealand newspaper Evening Star of 22 September, 1911.
Margaret Clementina Anderson was born in 1813 in Lambeth, the daughter of merchant James Anderson of Bridgend, Brechin, Forfarshire.
She was married in 1835 to her cousin Sir James Outram and appears to have only had one child Francis Boyd Outram who had a large family of his own and thus many descendants.
Sir James was so highly esteemed that he has a statue on the Thames Embankment and is buried in Westminster Abbey.
As is often typical of wives of important men of that era, Lady Outram seems to have lived out her long widowhood without drawing much attention to herself apart from her brief experience in the Indian Mutiny. A clergyman from of the era arriving in Lucknow described her as:-
A reasonable summary of her connection to the Mutiny in this article from the New Zealand newspaper Evening Star of 22 September, 1911.
Margaret Clementina Anderson was born in 1813 in Lambeth, the daughter of merchant James Anderson of Bridgend, Brechin, Forfarshire.
She was married in 1835 to her cousin Sir James Outram and appears to have only had one child Francis Boyd Outram who had a large family of his own and thus many descendants.
Sir James was so highly esteemed that he has a statue on the Thames Embankment and is buried in Westminster Abbey.
As is often typical of wives of important men of that era, Lady Outram seems to have lived out her long widowhood without drawing much attention to herself apart from her brief experience in the Indian Mutiny. A clergyman from of the era arriving in Lucknow described her as:-
"... one of the best specimens of an English lady I ever met; so unaffected and natural; so glad to have a clergyman once more. She takes the greatest interest in everything for the good of the people - natives and Christians ..."
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Birmingham Woman’s Great Age
102nd Birthday Celebrated.
(Transcript) Mrs. Elizabeth Hyde, an inmate of the Western Road Homes,
Birmingham, yesterday attained the age of 102 years. The Lord Mayor (Alderman
Sir David Brooks) sent the following message to Mrs Hyde:- “I am pleased to hear
that you are celebrating your 102nd birthday. I congratulate you heartily on
attaining this ripe old age, and trust that you will live to hear peace declared
after a victory for the Allied arms.”
Mrs. Hyde was born on September 24, 1816, and for the
purpose of obtaining the Old-Age Pension secured the following statement which
she treasures and proudly shows her visitors:- “Elizabeth Echo was born on the Alexandra
Mary in the Welsh Dock on September 24, 1816, at 7.15 p.m., the daughter of
Benjamin and Elizabeth Echo. - (Signed) Dr Parry Gibbs.”
Speaking to a representative of the press, Mrs Hyde said
that her husband was a horse doctor, and after he was crushed so badly that he
could work no more she worked as a “doctress” and midwife. She vividly
remembers the Indian Mutiny, and took part in loading the guns for an officer
to fire.
She can read German, French, Italian and Welsh, but confessed she
“would want a few lessons before doing it in public.”
She retains all her
faculties, and recounts with pleasure her many visits to China, India, Italy,
Germany, France, and other countries as “the adopted daughter of a colonel in
the Indian Army.”
Birmingham Mail 25 September 1918
In spite of the information in the article and a report of her death a few months later in February 1919, this woman proves to be a real mystery.
If it's true that she could speak many languages, including Welsh, it suggests her maiden surname "Echo" may have been spelled some other way or was incorrectly recorded in the statement signed by the doctor with which she claimed the Old Age Pension. (Cross-checking something that long ago was probably impossible at the time.)
Also being born on board ship is a problem, said to be the vessel Alexandra Mary, but neither can a ship of this name be pinned down with any certainty, nor is it known which "Welsh Dock" applies as there was one at Bristol and also Liverpool, and possibly elsewhere.
Where her husband worked, or which unit he served in as a horse doctor is unknown, nor is it known where she loaded guns during the Mutiny.
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She Remembered the Indian Mutiny
Woman’s Death at Cawnpore
Mrs. Amelia Margaret White, 83, who was four years of age
when the Indian Mutiny broke out and had a vivid memory of the fighting, has
died in Cawnpore, thus severing the last human link between that historic city
and the 1857 revolt.
Mrs. White was the widow of a mutiny veteran. She herself saw
the mutiny in Agra, and was sheltered with her parents and brothers in the fort
there. She said that she remembered the firing of the first cannon shot from
the fort.
“It was a Sunday afternoon. Wounded soldiers were returning
into the fort after the fight, calling for water, which I and other girls gave
them to drink. My brother, Lowther, enlisted in the Agra Militia, and went out
to fight the rebels. After peace was restored I returned home to Sikandra with
my parents, only to find that everything was plundered - even my father’s two
horses.”
Mrs. White’s husband, Mr. James Alfred White, who died in
1927, was the grandson of Mr John White, a veteran of Lord Lake’s army of
Nepal.
Mr. J.A. White started his military career as a drummer boy in the 37
Bengal Infantry, in which was father was drum-major.
His regiment was at Benares when the mutiny broke out. It
was disarmed, and Mr. White was sent with his father to Allahabad Fort and twice
marched to Cawnpore with the relieving forces.
The Government of India granted Mrs. White a special mutiny
pension of Rs.60 per month after the death of her husband.
Nottingham Evening Post 24 April 1935
Another woman on whom it is difficult to find much. Her maiden name is not given in this article and perhaps more can be found in India-specific genealogical sources.
She does appear in the 1911 UK Census Returns as a "visitor" born in Bombay, India and staying with the Jordan family in Leeds. Her age is given as 42, having been married 11 years, but she had no children of the marriage.
Her husband's connections to the 37th Bengal Infantry may have stretched way back into the 18th Century. Lord Lake, chief of the East India Company military, died in 1808.
Another woman on whom it is difficult to find much. Her maiden name is not given in this article and perhaps more can be found in India-specific genealogical sources.
She does appear in the 1911 UK Census Returns as a "visitor" born in Bombay, India and staying with the Jordan family in Leeds. Her age is given as 42, having been married 11 years, but she had no children of the marriage.
Her husband's connections to the 37th Bengal Infantry may have stretched way back into the 18th Century. Lord Lake, chief of the East India Company military, died in 1808.
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Mabel Lady Crossley Dies at Age of 90
Well known for her charitable work in Manchester and
Altrincham, Mabel Lady Crossley has died at her home, Glenfield, Altrincham, at
the age of 90.
Widow of Sir William John Crossley, founder of the
well-known Manchester engineering firm and Liberal M.P. for Altrincham, she was
one of the few remaining people who remembered the Indian Mutiny. Her father
was Inspector-General of Hospitals in India, and her elder son, Sir Kenneth
Crossley, told the Manchester Evening News today that his mother was rescued
from a burning church during the mutiny.
She leaves another son, Major Eric Crossley. Mr A.C.
Crossley, who was Conservative M.P. for Stretford and was killed in an aeroplane crash in Denmark, was her grandson.
Manchester Evening News 1 May 1943.
Mabel Gordon Anderson was born in Bengal in 1853. She is shown in the 1871 Census as a pupil at Hill House School in Belstead, Suffolk, an example of a child would have been sent "Home" from India at a young age to be educated.
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| Hill House School in 1873, by M. Conway |
On 20 April 1876, she married engineering businessman and politician William John Crossley at Notting Hill, London, and had five children, two daughters who died in infancy and three sons.
(One public family tree suggests that she had two children prior to marrying Crossley. This seems most unlikely as they would have been illegitimate and highly scandalous for the era - even more so considering the Crossleys were a devout Christian family. Searches of the General Register Office Indexes show no such children born to any Mabel Anderson or Crossley in the years shown ... and this is a good example of always checking the primary sources in connection with any family trees one finds online!)
Sir William J. Crossley was also known for his philanthropy. This extract from Grace's Guide to British Industrial History shows the extent of his, and his partner brother's commitment to their faith being " ... committed Christians and strictly teetotal, refusing to supply their products to companies such as breweries, whom they did not approve of. They adopted the early Christian symbol of the Coptic Cross as the emblem to use on their road vehicles."
Combermere Manor was the home of the Crossleys who were famous for their cars. One of Mabel's granddaughters was Fidelia, an early aviatrix - read about her here.
No image of Mabel herself can be found, but she did leave her mark on the Together Trust, which still continues in Britain today.
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| Foundation Stone, Together Trust |
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Woman Who was in Indian Mutiny
Saw her Relatives Killed, but lived to 98
Mrs. Fanny Rumley, one of the last survivors of the Indian
Mutiny, has died in Bath at the age of 98.
She was the widow of Mr. Henry William Rumley, an Indian
Civil Servant, and was in Cawnpore with her husband when the outbreak took
place. She escaped the worst horrors of the Mutiny, but her cousin, Major
Larkins, and other relatives were butchered by the Sepoys.
Her husband, who was the youngest son of General Rumley, of
Sidmouth, died in 1857 on his way back to India.
Cheltenham Chronicle, 10 February 1923
Fanny Larkins was born about 1826, the daughter of William Larkins of Sidmouth, Devon, and there is a record of her marrying Henry William Rumley in Honiton, Devon, in 1851.
(Her relatives were Major George Larkins, wife Emma Ewart (nee Carnochan) and three children who all died at Cawnpore during the most infamous massacre of the Indian Mutiny. Due to his wife Emma's last letter that survived the massacre and was widely reproduced in the press, the names of the Larkins family can be found in a number of reference works and books on the subject.)
From the Indian Medical Service listings as of 1841, some interesting information about Fanny's husband who was not just any civil servant, but a qualified surgeon, also that they were only married 8 years, as he died on his way home in Paris in 1859, and is buried at Montmarte.
To conclude this collection, here is the letter written by Emma Larkins, reproduced in a series of British Empire newspapers in 1900:
Week (Brisbane, Qld. : 1876 - 1934), Friday 14 September 1900, page 10
Fanny Larkins was born about 1826, the daughter of William Larkins of Sidmouth, Devon, and there is a record of her marrying Henry William Rumley in Honiton, Devon, in 1851.
(Her relatives were Major George Larkins, wife Emma Ewart (nee Carnochan) and three children who all died at Cawnpore during the most infamous massacre of the Indian Mutiny. Due to his wife Emma's last letter that survived the massacre and was widely reproduced in the press, the names of the Larkins family can be found in a number of reference works and books on the subject.)
From the Indian Medical Service listings as of 1841, some interesting information about Fanny's husband who was not just any civil servant, but a qualified surgeon, also that they were only married 8 years, as he died on his way home in Paris in 1859, and is buried at Montmarte.
1366. Rumley, Henry William. b. 20 September 1817. M.R.C.S. 1839. A.S. 25 December 1840. Surg. 1 Feb. 1855. d. Paris 10 Dec. 1859. First Sikh or Sutlej War 1845-46. Mudki (horse shot), Firuzshahr, and Sobraon, medal with two clasps. Second Sikh or Panjab War, 1848-49. Ramnagar, Sudullapur, Chilianwala, and Gujrat, medal.
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To conclude this collection, here is the letter written by Emma Larkins, reproduced in a series of British Empire newspapers in 1900:
Week (Brisbane, Qld. : 1876 - 1934), Friday 14 September 1900, page 10
Mother's Farewell.Last Letter out of Cawnpore.
The following intensely pathetic letter, the last that ever got out of Cawnpore (says a London paper), possesses tragic interest. It was written by Mrs. Emma Larkins, wife of Major George Larkins, Bengal Artillery, and only reached England a year and nine months after it was written.The packet was intrusted by Mrs. Larkins to her ayah, who managed to escape out of Cawnpore and slip through the Sepoy lines. The ayah made her way to Calcutta, and went straight to the address given her. The gentleman to whom the letter was addressed was busy at the time and refused to see her, giving no credence to her tale.Bursting into tears the ayah drew forth the packet and gave it to the servant; then lifting up her arm she called Heaven to witness that she had been faithful to the trust her mistress had reposed in her, and had discharged her task. Weeping, she turned away, and was never heard or seen of more.The intense pathos of this tender mother's farewell to her children in England will touch every heart. We are indebted for this exquisite document to Mrs. Alice Pelly, the "Alice " of the letter."CAWNPORE, June 9, 1857."I write this, dearest Henrietta, in the belief that our hour of departure is come. The whole of the troops rose here and we took refuge in a barrack. We are so hemmed in by overpowering numbers that there seems no hope of escape. Only about 40 Europeans are left of 120 men! A sad, sad number to hold out against such an overpowering enemy. Many joined the cavalry and infantry, and they have six guns against us. The walls are going."This is an awful hour, my darling Henrietta. Jessie, Emily, and Georgie (her children) cling to us. Dearest George (her husband) has been well up to to-day, but he is, I grieve to say, now obliged to abandon his post. This is to me a grief. Many brave men have fallen to-day. The siege has lasted four days!"Oh ! let this be a warning to your Gov-ernment never again to place British officers and men in such a pitiable position; only 120 European soldiers at Cawnpore!! It is sad and painful to reflect on that our lives are tobe sacrificed in such a condition."Give my love to my sweet girls. Tell them that there is but one thing needful: Tell them to seek sorrowing that faith sure and steadfast, an anchor of the soul."Connie, darling, your mamma has longed to see and know you. (She had been left behind in England when aged 3 ½ years.) Seek your God and Heaven in spirit."Alice, my sweet child, remember your Creator in the days of your youth, seek Him till you can say 'I have found Him.'"Ellen, my little lamb, I must not see you again in the flesh, but remember I will look for you where sorrow and disappointment can never enter.""Harry, dear boy, my heart yearns over you. Oh! dear boy, if you saw the position your little brother and sisters are in at this moment you would weep over ever having pleased your own desires. Seek your God and heaven, and serve and please Him, and always hate whatever is sinful."Dearest Henrietta, we leave them all in the hands of God and your tender watching."My dear love to all my dear friends."Peace, dearest Henrietta, which passes knowledge be with you; my gratitude to you is unchanged."(In envelope): "I have given this to nun-nah who hopes to escape, and" —the rest is undistinguishable.
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| The Angel of Cawnpore |
